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Market Microstructure: Understanding Order Flow

How orders are matched, why spreads exist, and what market makers actually do. Essential knowledge for serious traders.

QuantIDE TeamJanuary 3, 202611 min read

Understanding market microstructure separates sophisticated traders from the crowd. It's the physics underlying every price movement, yet most retail traders never learn it.

The Order Book: Foundation of Price Discovery

At any moment, the order book contains all resting limit orders waiting to be filled. The best bid and ask define the current spread—the cost of immediate execution.

Market Makers: The Unsung Heroes

Market makers provide liquidity by continuously posting bids and offers. They profit from the spread while taking on inventory risk. Without them, markets would be far less efficient.